Tratturo
A long tradition
The "tratturo" is an ancient path used since the Roman period for the transhumance of sheep from the mountains to the plains. It is a natural route, formed by the repeated passage of animals, which over time has taken on a cultural and pastoral dimension. Although transhumance is now a practice that has almost disappeared, tratturi are still an indelible trace of the long pastoral tradition of southern Italy.
Characteristics of the tratturo
The tratturo is characterized by its width, which exceeds that of a normal mule track, and the use of a natural surface. The width is precisely determined: 111 meters, corresponding to sixty Neapolitan steps. Along the route, there are resting places, areas where flocks can rest, and branches, points of deviation from the main path. The network of alleys created by secondary routes runs through the regions of central-southern Italy.
Transhumance in the Mediterranean
Mediterranean transhumance involves the seasonal movement of flocks from mountains to plains and vice versa to ensure an abundance of forage. This practice has characterized agriculture in southern Italy for centuries and contributed to the formation of a unique social and cultural fabric. The tratturo is the main route used for this type of movement.
The disappearance of the tratturo
Transhumance and the use of the tratturo are now practices that have mainly disappeared, replaced by intensive agriculture and technological innovation. However, traces of traditional pastoralism still remain in some Italian regions, especially where the rural landscape has preserved its natural and historical features.
Conclusion
The tratturo is an important historical and cultural testimony that deserves to be valued and preserved. Its historical and anthropological significance is unquestionable and represents a resource for preserving the identity of rural communities in southern Italy. Although they no longer serve their ancient purposes, tratturi are still paths that can be retraced for fun and to discover nature.
