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The Bolzano Cathedral: A dive into history
The Bolzano Cathedral is an architectural masterpiece of immeasurable historical, cultural, and artistic value. Aside from being the main place of worship in the city, it is also the co-cathedral of the Diocese of Bolzano-Bressanone. The restoration of the cathedral, which was severely damaged during the Allied bombings in 1944, uncovered the foundations of three churches dating back from the 4th to the 12th century. Let us discover the history of this gem of religious architecture together.
The Paleo-Christian Basilica: 4th century
The oldest church dates back to the 4th century and was probably dedicated to Saint Vigilius. The basilica, which was 38 meters long and 14 meters wide, was divided into three rooms by dividing walls. The building had 8 buttresses that supported the side walls. The construction was of an eastern type, widespread in the Noricum area, and had a baptismal font in the atrium in the western part. Additionally, the basilica had a presbyter's bench. This was a circular construction situated in the altar area where the priests could be seated. Near the basilica, a small burial ground was located, as evidenced by the inscription of "Secundus Regontius."
The Early Medieval Church: 8th century
The discovery of a slightly longer wall dating back to the Carolingian era suggests that after the barbarian invasions, the new Bolzanine population settled permanently in the basin, creating a small pre-urban village around the bridge over the Isarco River. Additionally, five fragments of wall paintings have been found that depict faces looking towards prayer.
The First Medieval Church: 11th-12th century
The discovery of the foundations of the medieval church, dating back to the 11th-12th century, was the most important. The church had an asymmetric plan, with only one row of columns, divided into two nave sections. The construction was in Romanesque architecture, and the façade is still visible. Specifically, if observed closely, the windows with the round arch on the sides of the Gothic rose window, typical of the Romanesque style, can be noticed. Additionally, the church had a sturdy tower, perhaps to protect it from floods.
Conclusion
The Bolzano Cathedral holds within its walls a millenary and imposing history that transports visitors to a different dimension. Thanks to the restoration work, ancient architectural, artistic, and historical splendors, preserved in its stones and in its holy spirit, have been brought back to life. The cathedral is not only a place of prayer but also a testament to the growth and evolution of a city and its people. Visiting the Bolzano Cathedral means discovering the roots of our own history and experiencing the incredible beauty of sacred art.
